Políticas públicas e gestão em áreas de risco: o caso do município de Santarém - Pa

Abstract

Today, natural disasters pose threats to the good quality of life of man, especially those living in an urban context. In this sense, this research aims to understand threats and risks of natural disasters in areas of socio-environmental vulnerability in the municipality of Santarém – Pará, by mapping vulnerable areas and the relationship with precipitation, in addition to the analysis of prevention and mitigation policies. A bibliographic survey was conducted, with subsequent data acquisition of the 2010 Demographic Census and the Statistical Territorial Base of Risk Areas - BATER of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE. Data were also obtained from the Santarém River Captaincy and the Municipal Coordination of Civil Defense - COOMDEC on natural disaster events in 2018. In 2018, the rainy season began in January, reaching its peak in March with about 333.7 mm. The least rainy month of the year was August with 28.9 mm, followed by November (42.1 mm) as the least rainy month of the second half. As for disasters, February is the one with the highest record with 19 occurrences. Flooding and floods were the most recurrent disasters in 2018. The identified areas have precarious infrastructure, mostly located on the margins of water bodies. Thus, the strengthening of public policies also involves technical training, investment in technologies for monitoring and the search for financial resources for the improvement of urban infrastructure. The frequency of the most recurrent disasters, as well as their distribution throughout the year, allows us to verify correlations between risk manifestations and seasonal climate variations. Finally, geographical and historical characteristics should be considered in risk management and the instrumentalization of public policies, in addition to urban development and population growth. The results presented are expected to contribute to the reformulation of more representative legal instruments.