Gestão da pesca na ilha de São Miguel, Santarém, Pará: mobilização política para acesso, uso e controle dos recursos pesqueiros locais

Abstract

This research aims to understand the fishery management through the community-based fishery agreement and the management of pirarucu performed by the residents of São Miguel Island, community located in the municipality of Santarém, west of state of Pará. Understanding the strategies built and established from the political mobilization for the rational use of local fishing resources. This research owns a qualitative boarding supported in ethnographic writing, once this method allows to observing and analyze the culture of a certain society, between looking, listening and writing the everyday practices noticed during the camp, besides of create proximity ties between of researcher and researched. In the camp work the following procedures were performed: documentary research trying to get in the documents (minutes of meeting, residents association estatute and fishery deal) the rules and punishments established for the use and conttrol of fishery in the Island; interviews and semistructured dialogue with the families aims lifting the sociodemographic caracterization of community and the current fishery situation from their perception; dialogues and semi structured interviews with the older fishermen, seeking to perceive the strategies and actions currently carried out for the maintenance of local fishery management; and; photographic records, visualizing the landscapes, processes and dynamics of everyday life in the space lived in the community. Nowadays, 44 families use and control the São Miguel Island territory, having as main source the fishery activity. It should be noted that in the past, the local fishermen together with those from outside made a large pressure in the lakes in search of fish leading to the exhaustion of the local fishing stock. Seeking to get back to the fishing resource, community members of the Island began to build and practice actions aimed at preserving and maintaining the resource in question, as well os its extractive territories. These actions were elaborated in the agreement of usufruct of 1974 and consolidated in the agreement of fishing of 1985 and in the management of the Pirarucu in the year of 1997, maintained until the present days, that through the fulfillment of the local rules evidence based on the collective action that deciding rules to fish in the community's lakes provides local sustainability, evidenced by the rational use of fishing resources, as well as ensuring the quality of life for all Islanders