Fitoquímica e aspectos morfofisiológicos de Aniba parviflora (Lauraceae) cultivada no município de Santarém - Pa

Abstract

Aniba parviflora, popularly known as macacaporanga, is an aromatic species, the family Lauraceae, native to the Amazon, distributed in the towns of Santarém, Faro and middle rio Tapajós. The essential oil plant that shows anti-hemorrhagic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory and can be used for the manufacture of perfumes and cosmetics. Despite the great economic potential, it is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the chemical composition and yield of essential oil extracted from leaves, flowers, fruits, stems, stem and leaves of A. parvoflora and evaluate aspects morphophysiological (biometry, germination and seedling development). The plant material was collected in the Farm Curaua Santarém - PA - Brazil. In the phytochemical study, leaves, flowers, fruits, stems and seedlings were subjected to extraction of essential oil by hydrodistillation. The essential oils were evaluated for chemical composition by GC-MS. The major compounds in the dry and rainy periods were linalool (31.23%), followed by -phellandrene (6.66%) and spathulenol (6.25%). The chemical analyzes made with the different plant organs confirmed the predominance of linalool between oxygenated monoterpenes. The results showed that seasonality did not affect the essential oil yield. However, there were qualitative and quantitative variations of chemical compounds in dry and rainy seasons. Morphophysiological aspects biometric data were measured with calipers and precision balance. Germination tests were carried out in germination with three treatments (fresh seeds, dry seeds for 48 and 72 h). The effect of different substrates (sand, black soil + rice straw and black earth + rice straw + poultry litter) and seedling development, was conducted at the Forest Nursery of the University of Western Pará The results showed that the seasonality did not influence the biometric measurements of fruits and seeds. Partial drying of the seeds decreases the percentage of germination and increased the average germination time. The most efficient substrate for germination was washed sand. The seedlings have tap roots, long, cylindrical brown; stem green cylindrical leaves alternate, spiral, simple, petiolate and glabrous.