Geografia do crime: uma análise da relação entre a criminalidade e o espaço urbano em Santarém (PA)

Abstract

Disorderly urbanization consequently brings with it several social problems linked to the socio-spatial exclusion process. The appearance of exclusion clusters is a reflection of the process of social segregation where the geographical spaces have its own characteristic and occupation, making clear the separation between the social classes present in our society (fragmentation of the socio-spatial material). These areas arose from spontaneous occupation, this processisn’t often accompanied by infrastructure and basic services, thus increasing the process of social exclusion of these localities. By means of these two processes occurring concomitantly – urbanization / segregation – there is an intensification of social problems such as increased crime. The process of crime is increasingly present in recent years, as it becomes present in our daily lives. This problematic brings with it the need to understand the spatial behavior of this phenomenon, as well as its conditioning/determinants, that way, thinking of a planning that helps public policies that aim to minimize the effects of this process of increasing crime. It is understood that the Geography of Crime can contribute to a socio-spatial analysis of crime, using methods such as geoprocessing and statistical analysis, showing the pattern of distribution of crimes of theft, robbery, homicide and drug trafficking.In this way, this research has as objectives: (1) itorganizes a database that typifies the occurrence of crimes in the Municipality of Santarém in the years 2013 and 2017; (2) it investigates the conditions of crimes, grouping them into crimes against property - theft and robbery - crimes against the person - homicide - and drug trafficking; (3) it identifies how the spatial distribution of crimes along the urban space and its relation to the their characteristics.In this way, through the criminal analysis will occur the construction of knowledge and a database on crime patterns and their correlations with socio-spatial aspects. Such research aims at assisting in the planning of repressive and preventive actions of criminal acts. Thus, through the analysis of data and the mapping of occurrences of crimes of theft, robbery, homicide and drug trafficking (hotspot) we intend to support the efforts made by the police and others public agencies responsible for public safety, providing information on trends, constraints and indicators of crime, data that can guide managers in the planning, execution and redirection of the actions of the public security system, contributing to the improvement in the distribution of resources - material and human - and implementations of crime prevention programs.