Atividade antiplasmódica in vitro e antimalárica in vivo do óleo essencial de Cyperus articulatus l.

Abstract

Malaria is a worldwide health problem and is endemic in over 90 countries, with about 212 million cases worldwide. Brazil reported 174,522 cases of malaria in 2017, an increase of 48.11% over 2016. Despite the keen interest in eradicating malaria, the current is not since efficacy is prophylaxis and drug treatment as used forms. for disease control. Delaying the efficacy of control plasma diagnosis, highlighting the need for development of new compounds against this disease. In the context, the present work studied the essential oil obtained from Cyperus articulatus rhizomes (OECA) to investigate its chemical appearance, acute toxicity and antiplasmodic and antimalarial activities in vitro and in vivo, with and without their own use as therapeutic alternative. malaria. The analysis of the chemical composition of the OECA collected in the Tabocal region in the municipality of Santarém, Pará, Brazil, using an Agilent HP-6890 gas chromatograph, in vivo toxicity evaluation in BALB / c mice according to the OECD Guide, was performed. MTT cytotoxicity with WI-26VA-4 cell line, followed by in vitro antiplasmodic activity using Plasmodium falciparum W2 (chloroquine-resistant) and 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive) strains cultured in red blood cells in 96-well microplate and In vivo antimalarial infection using BALB / c mice infected with approximately 106 P. berghei parasitized erythrocytes receiving treatment on the 4th day after inoculation were treated for 7 consecutive days and subjected to blood collection to determine hematological parameters. Chemical characterization by GC-MS allowed the identification of 37 compounds with mustacone as the major compound. The acute toxic dose of OECA is greater than 2000 mg / kg in BALB / c mice, classifying it in category 5 of the Globally Harmonized Classification System (GHS). In vitro, OECA presents low cytotoxicity and high antiplasmodic potential (IC50 <10 µg ml-1) against the two P. falciparum strains tested. In vivo, it significantly reduced (p <0.001) P. Berguei-induced parasitemia and consequently improved hematological parameters at doses of 100 and 200 mg / kg / day. Given the above, OECA represents a product extracted from the Amazon with antiplasmodic and antimalarial potential validating popular use and making OECA a safe and promising candidate for a drug or source of substances, and further studies are needed.