Análise Sistêmica Temporal de Duas Comunidades Rurais em Projeto de Assentamento na Amazônia Paraense

Abstract

Agrarian reform settlements are part of Brazilian public policies as a mechanism for fulfilment the social function of the land, sheltering families of farmers from various agrarian dynamics of the country. These rural settlements enable socioeconomic improvements to rural workers and their families, under very varied conditions and, in general, with many limitations of all orders, which are better understood through interdisciplinary studies and methodologies that allow a greater immersion in the realities. The present study has the general objective to contribute for the analysis of the public agrarian reform policies in the Amazon from an interdisciplinary study about socioeconomic and environmental advances and setbacks of the São Mateus and Santo Antônio communities of the Settlement Project Moju I and II, over the course of ten years (2008 to 2018). The research presented the potential for use and the structure of forests in managed areas; the family farming production considering the socioeconomic strategies; the environmental impacts and mitigating measures in the two communities; and the aspects related to the socioeconomic dynamics of families. The methodology was based on the temporal comparative analysis of data collected in 2008 and 2018 through the Participatory Rapid/Rural Appraisal (PRA), semi-structured interviews and participant observation, with technical assistance of overlay of thematic maps, interaction matrices and through analysis the timber and non-timber potential of forest species. This study indicates that ecological, economic and social sustainability, in the communities surveyed, depends on numerous factors combined, which highlights the necessity to improvement of the production systems and assisted strategies in the relations of the settlers with the market so that the improvements in the living conditions of these populations to be solid and durable, based on more effective public policies for rural settlements in the Amazon.