Identificação e variação genética de Colossoma macropomum e seus híbridos, nativos e de cativeiros da região oeste do Pará.
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2012-03-30Autor
http://lattes.cnpq.br/6097472739750750
AGUIAR, Jonas da Paz
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In northern Brazil aquaculture has shown a steady growth in recent years. This growth has
been attributed mainly to the cultivation of Colossoma macropomum and hybrids produced
from this species with Piaractus mesopotamicus and Piaractus brachypomus. Despite the
cultivation of these organisms is critically important to provide alternative sources to the
exploitation of fishing resources, it needs to be strategically planned and monitored in order to
be profitable and do not bring risks to wild populations of related species, or damage to
human populations. Hybrids of Tambaqui are quite similar to the parental species and the
cultivation of these individuals may be especially problematic. Cultivated individuals may be
genetically distinct from wild populations or have low genetic diversity, representing a risk
for native and captivity specimens. In this study, using the Control Region of mitochondrial
DNA and PCR Multiplex gene α - Tropomyosin on native and captive individuals of the
Western Region of Para, identification errors were recorded in 75% of analyzed fish farms,
with the cultivation simultaneous hybrids with parental species, and 22% of errors in fish
farms believed to exist only pure species. We also found high genetic diversity in both native
populations and medium levels of diversity in captive individuals of Colossoma
macropomum, with a slight divergence among native and captive populations. These results
highlight the problem of growing hybrids in the Amazon, specially if they are
simultaneouslyculturedtogether with native specimens, and warns of possible
commercialization of hybrid as pure species or vice versa. The results regarding the genetic
diversity of populations cultured Colossoma macropomum contrast to studies conducted in
other regions of the state of Para and other states of Brazil that pointed to historical inbreeding
in a matrix-producing fingerlings, and reveal a new model of production.
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