Fungos poliporoides ( Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) da unidade Tapajós - UFOPA, Campus Santarém, Pará

Abstract

Polyporoid fungi, commonly called ―orelhas-de-pau‖ or ―urupê‖, are characterized by having a tubular hymenophore on the lower surface of the basidiome, forming pores in frontal view. Because it is a polyphyletic group, some members show variation in the morphology of the hymenophore, forming lamellae, spines, among other forms. Most of the fungi in this group are representatives of the orders Hymenochaetales Obew. and Polyporales Gäum, with Polyporaceae being the most diverse family of polyporoid fungi. Its representatives have saprobic habits, being found degrading dead wood, or rarely parasitizing living trees, playing an important role in nutrient recycling and maintenance of terrestrial ecosystems. Knowledge about polyporoid fungi in the Amazon region is still incipient, therefore, the objective was to carry out a taxonomic study of polyporoid fungi occurring on the Santarém campus, Tapajós Unit, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará - Ufopa. Monthly collections were carried out in all areas of the Ufopa campus (Tapajós Unit) in Santarém-PA, starting in May 2022 and ending in February 2023. The collected material was taken to laboratories located on the university campus for processing, at the Laboratório de Biologia Aplicada (from the Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas - ICTA) for drying and herborization, and later to the Laboratório de Micologia e Bioensaios (ICTA) for identification. In the identification stage, the basidiomata underwent macro and microscopic analyses, and their characteristics were compared with specialized literature for identification or confirmation of the species. A total of 260 specimens belonging to the orders Polyporales and Hymenochaetales were collected and identified, distributed in 8 families, 30 genera and 63 species. Polyporaceae was the family with the highest number of representatives, with 15 genera and 44 species, followed by the Hymenochaetaceae family with 5 genera and 8 species. The present work contributed to the expansion of knowledge about the diversity of polyporous fungi in the municipality of Santarém, emphasizing the importance of preserving areas for the maintenance and balance of diversity.