Turismo, sustentabilidade e capital social em uma vila amazônica: o caso de Alter do Chão (Santarém, Pará, Brasil)
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2018-12-14Autor
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0651620579779701
SILVA, Sandra Maria Sousa da
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Tourism as a local development project has to be analyzed in every specific context in order to verify, among other factors, the way management and sustainability procedures happen considering multiple variables and social actors involved in it. The main goal of this work was to analyze main characteristics and sustainability of tourism in Alter do Chão village, in Santarém / PA, which is considered a consolidated tourist site both on national and international levels, through a sustainability dimension, social capital context of its main subjects, within the systemic thinking approach. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, this study executed bibliographical, documentary and empirical research: two interviews with privileged sources for a reconstruction of the history of local tourism and public policies. 460 forms and 178 questionnaires were applied with residents from Santarem (138), tourists (134), "natives" (279) and "foreigners" (6) who have settled in Alter do Chão in the last five years, as well as local tourist entrepreneurs (43 - first phase and 38 - second phase) ⸻ owners or managers of hotels, inns and restaurants, restaurants and food stalls, craft shops, tour agencies. The research development process consisted of: a description of the components that constitute the Tourism System of the Alter do Chão village; checking the meaning, role and involvement of the social subjects who live in Santarem, tourists, residents and tourism entrepreneurs of Alter do Chão in the development of tourism and their conceptions about the sustainability of the phenomenon; understanding the sustainability of tourism in the context of relationship between "foreign" subjects, and natives or older tourism entrepreneurs, considering social capital. It was confirmed that, in general, there is a difficulty in understanding tourism as a systemic social phenomenon for interviewed subjects, who have fragmented and individualized visions shown in discourses that emphasize mainly the economic aspect of the phenomenon. In addition, it is noted that the relationships between social actors in the tourism system, especially among entrepreneurs, are disparate, non-linear, based on different interests and represented by a low degree of social capital, and consequently by low levels of trust , cooperation and participation. It was concluded that the sustainability of tourism in Alter do Chão is compromised by low level of social capital, although this may constitute an important instrument for the planning and management of local tourism if participation and cooperation between the actors involved in order to change the current scenario, in line with the principles of sustainability that tourism requires.
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