ESTUDOS DE TAXONOMIA INTEGRATIVA DO COMPLEXO Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) NA BACIA AMAZÔNICA E DRENAGENS ADJACENTES
Resumo
Hoplias malabaricus is a species complex widespread from Northern to Southern South
America continent. This group might constitute a good model for investigations of historical
biogeographic events and the actual patterns of genetic structuring driving the ichthyofauna in
the Neotropical freshwater systems. However, it is limited because of the confused taxonomy
and the several cryptic species hidden in the complex. In this work, based on morphological
and molecular evidence, we extend the distribution of H. misionera, which was only known
from Uruguay, Paraná and Paraguay River basins. We also recognized the true H.
malabaricus species and performed a population genetics analysis in this lineage. DNA
barcoding revealed three to eight candidate species from the H. malabaricus complex
inhabiting the study area. The largest clade recovered (BIN ABZ3047) was assumed as the
true H. malabaricus sensu stricto. This species is structured in six population units: 1)
Madeira River Basin (MRB), 2) Guiana Shields drainages (GSD), 3) Western Northeast
Atlantic Basin (WNAB), 4) Tapajós River Basin (TRB), 5) Lower Amazonas River
confluences (LARC) and 6) São Francisco River Basin (SFRB). The populations TBR and
SFRB were most differentiated and showed demographic fluctuations, where the later showed
evidence of declining.
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