Variabilidade química e atividade antimicrobiana de espécimes indicados como pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) do oeste do Pará

Abstract

Identification of the occurrence of endangered species is of great importance to ensure the perpetuation of the genetic diversity contained in remaining populations. Proposals for management and conservation of an endangered species will only arise from the identification of specimens in their natural habitat. The rosewood tree, Aniba rosaeodora Ducke (Lauraceae), is on the official list of endangered species since 1992, mainly due to cutting of trees for extraction of the essential oil (EO), which is of economic importance to the region and used as raw material for the composition of the famous French perfume Chanel Nº 5. The use of EOs and fragrances is common throughout the world, and its medicinal properties may vary depending on factors such as environmental conditions and chemical composition, which may have function as bacteriostatic, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, analgesic, among others. The protected areas that are cited in this study, have natural populations indicated as rosewood. The difficulty in botanically identifying representatives of A. rosaeodora leads to the exploitation of others species with similar morphological characteristics. This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the EO from two populations indicated as rosewood, located in the protected areas Floresta Nacional do Tapajós (FLONA) and Reserva Extrativista Tapajós-Arapiuns (RESEX) in Western Pará. Additionally, this study compared the metabolic profile among these populations through analysis of their crude extracts, using analytical methods such as Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR). These techniques, coupled with multivariate analysis indicated significant chemical difference between the populations. Comparing the results obtained in this study with the data existent on the literature for A. rosaeodora, it was found that the trees of the FLONA showed chemical profile similar to that previously described in several studies, whereas that of the RESEX not followed the chemical pattern recorded for the specie. The EO of both populations showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Candida albicans. However, the EOs were not active against a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The EO of the FLONA had activity significantly greater than that of the RESEX for some of the microorganisms tested, this result can be attributed to the higher concentration of linalool in the EO of the FLONA which was of 83.5% when compared to of the RESEX, of 39.6%.