Cristalinidade e estrutura química de espécies madeireiras amazônicas em pátio de toras após degradação natural

Abstract

Losses in timber industries are considerable due to lack of post-harvest care, transport, and storage. When post-slaughter care is not properly taken care of, part of the logs arriving at the industrial yard has already been significantly degraded by the action of xylophagous organisms. In the Amazon region, these effects are greater due to incorrect transport and storage logistics that subject the wood to biotic and abiotic agents. In this way, quality control methodologies or techniques that generate subsidies for decision-making are important to guarantee greater yield and safety in the various applicability that wood can have within the industry. In this scenario, the use of non-conventional wood evaluation techniques can be an important tool due to the reduced cost and time used in the analyzes with a view to directing the best way to use this material. The objective of this work is to evaluate if the crystallinity and the chemical structure of the wood obtained by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform near infrared spectrometry - (FTNIR) can help in the analysis of degradation by fungi and insects in stored logs of Amazonian species in a storage yard. The material used came from the log storage yard of a forestry company, in the rural area of Santarém. For this study, was used material from 05 (five) commercial species that had been stored in an open yard for six months. The scale of degradation by fungi and insects, the moisture content of the logs and the chemical properties (content of total extractives, lignin and holocellulose), the crystallinity and the chemical structure of the wood obtained by Xray diffraction and infrared spectrometry were evaluated. The position of the logs and in the stacks associated with the storage time exerted some influence on the quantitative and qualitative chemical characteristics of the wood. And with that, it was also observed that the techniques of X-Ray diffraction and Fourier transform near infrared spectrometry - (FTNIR) showed potential for analysis of degradation by fungi and insects in logs of Amazonian species stored in a yard of storage.