Etnofarmacologia e fisiologia de plantas medicinais do Quilombo Tiningú, Santarém, Pará, Brasil

Abstract

The Amazon has high diversity of medicinal plants, both native and exotic, with high therapeutic importance, ecological and economical for the traditional communities of the Amazon. The objective of this research was to carry out the survey ethonopharmacological and investigate the behavior physiological of medicinal plants of high value in use to the quilombo community Tiningú Santarem - PA in order to propose ways of cultivation and management. The ethonopharmacological survey was conducted with 20 families Maroons, through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed using the Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Use Value (UV), Fidelity Level (LF), Rank Order Priority (ROP) and the association of use of etnoespecies with the nosological categories according to the ICD-10. The community Tiningú has an extensive traditional knowledge regarding the use of medicinal plants, since were cited 107 ethnospecies plants for 316 therapeutic indications, with predominance of the diseases of the digestive system, general signs and symptoms, infectious diseases, parasitic and respiratory apparatus. Plectranthus amboinicus and Chenopodium ambrosioides were the ones that showed higher RFC (0.90 and 0.70, respectively), and also the highest PO (0.71 and 0.56 respectively). For research of behavior physiological were selected four species with larger UV for the community Tiningú: Plectranthus amboinicus (0.95), Chenopodium ambrosioides (0.90 ), Ruta graveolens (0.80 ) and Mentha x villosa (0.75), which were grown for three months in experimental area of UFOPA. One week before the harvest they were subjected to two treatments: T1= Irrigation of soil until the field capacity and T2 = Imposition of water deficit. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 15 replicates per treatment. The variables analyzed were: Stomatal Conductance (gs), Leaf Area Specific (LAS), Partitioning of Plant Biomass (PPB), content of Essential Oil and Majority Compounds. The results showed that the water deficit in the short term had a negative influence on the reduction of the rates of gs in all species studied, as well as the decrease of AFE and biomass of aerial parts of plants (except in Mentha x villosa). However, positively influenced the increase of the levels of essential oils and virtually all chemical markers in all species. The research of pharmacological majority compounds found in essential oils of the plants studied justify its traditional use in the treatment of several diseases in the population of Maroons Tiningú.