Aspectos ambientais na incidência de casos de malária em uma aldeia indígena de Santarém-PA

Abstract

Objective: To understand and present through bibliographic and documentary research if the environmental aspects interfere in the incidence of Malaria cases in Aldeia São Pedro do Palhão, Santarém Pará. Methodology: Study with exploratory design - descriptive of quantitative epidemiological character - qualitative, based on a bibliographic review with searches in the SciELO and Web Of Science databases in April, May and June 2022, relevant research associated with the topic with temporal flexibility; and documentary research where data on malaria cases were extracted/collected through access to the database of the Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance System – SIVEP - MALARIA. Results: Aldeia São Pedro do Palhão is located on Planalto Santareno, on the State Highway PA - 370, Km 65, as well as on the banks of the Curuá River - Una and is inhabited by indigenous people of the Munduruku / Apiaká ethnic groups and other groups since the mid-1950s and since 1970 they have lived with environmental problems, one of them caused by the construction of the Curuá Hydroelectric Plant - Una. Anthropic actions modify the structure of the environment to which these peoples are dependent, directly affecting the way of life and health of these populations. The life cycle of malaria vectors is associated with - if the environmental structure and tropical climate of the locality favors their proliferation, intensifying - with environmental changes and reflecting on the increase in its density and consequently the emergence of new cases, especially after the great rains, possibly due to the large number of breeding sites. According to data collected in SIVEP - Malaria, in the Amazonian winter there were a total of 262 confirmed malaria cases and in the Amazonian summer 386 cases, from 2003 to 2021, corroborating the fact that changes in the environment as a result of human actions directly influence the incidence of malaria cases. Conclusion: Analyzing the data that this research allowed to obtain, we were able to affirm that the environment has the great ability to sentence anthropic activities, whether they have a negative or positive impact and that the consequences on the environment are fully linked to population health / disease. In this sense, the results of this study may help to build planning that aims to reduce environmental change or encourage the sustainable use of natural resources.