Implantação de geração hidráulica distribuída: o caso das comunidades do Açaizal do Prata.

Abstract

The question about the difficult access to the most isolated communities of urban centers was responsible for the creation of some alternative projects to electrify communities with these peculiarities; such as the "LIGHT FOR EVERYONE" of the Ministry of Mines and Energy. However, there are still some communities that persist with such problem. Emergent alternatives were created, some under governmental and others for particular purpose, in order to promote the small producer (mostly rural) to produce their own energy, as a result of which normative resolutions were created to make easier this type of practice, such as Normative Resolution no. 482 of April 2012 of the National Electric Energy Agency - ANEEL, which deals with the permission given to the Brazilian consumer to produce electricity from micro and mini-systems from renewable sources with the possibility of injecting surplus to the grid of a Concessionaire, with the return in the form of credits. The present work deals with the case of a region of Açaizal do Prata that covers several communities, and which suffered from the lack of electric energy and had its existence threatened. The main focus of this study is the implementation of a micro central hydroelectric provided by particular incentive, with the use of Indalma Turbines, which in the other hand is handcrafted in the interior of Pará, presenting surprising results and characteristics. The initiative of this project is due to the residents of the communities of Açaizal that from that fact reached other achievements like the creation of a cooperative of food production, electrification of the schools, among others. However, in addition to showing these advances, an analysis of some scenarios will be done in a more technical way, such as the cataloging of the whole installation, in order to allow for the expansion of this project with a possible connection to the network (rapid synthesis) as well as analysis of problems in the installations and their adjustments that will be necessary. In general, starting with the introduction of the hydroelectric power plant at the site, to point out the direct and indirect impacts on community life and emphasizing the importance of using these small enterprises in the lives of populations that perish without electricity