Diagnóstico da infraestrutura e serviços de saneamento básico em aldeias e comunidades ribeirinhas da região do rio Arapiuns, Pará

Abstract

Basic sanitation is a fundamental importance for human health, it is a set of actions that aim to maintain or transform the conditions of the environment, preventing diseases and providing quality of life for the entire population. However, despite being a right guaranteed by the constitution, there is a discrepant regional difference in relation to access and services in Brazil. While some regions have gone through great advances, others remain stationary, as is the case in the Amazon region. The North region has the least basic sanitation in percentage terms for the brazilian population and, nevertheless, the indigenous villages and riverside communities suffer from the lack of these services. Given this scenario, this work demands to diagnose the way in which these basic services are applied in riverside communities and indigenous villages along the Arapiuns river in the municipality of Santarém-PA. To achieve this goal, a comparative analysis was carried out with data obtained in 2012 by the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) and data collected in this work in 2021, whose intention was to identify possible advances in sanitary conditions over the past nine years, given that they are populations with greater social vulnerability. The communities and indigenous villages worked were: Cachoeira do Aruã, indigenous village Esperança, Monte Sião, indigenous village Nova Vista, São Pedro, Urucureá, Vila Anã, Vila Brasil and Vila Gorete. The objects analyzed were: participation of government; participation and support from Non-Governmental Organizations; presence of electricity, school and health center; supply, quality, treatment and/or lack of water; disposal of solid waste and effluent; common illnesses and symptoms; and main challenges encountered. Through interviews conducted with leaders and communities, it was possible to identify little significant progress in the sanitary conditions of the places worked. Great dissatisfaction on the part of residents was reported in relation to the little action of public policies in this regard and, in contrast to this lack, the Non-Governmental Organizations (in emphasis, the Saúde e Alegria Project) and the Collective Actions of Residents were the main responsible for the installation, maintenance and application of other services important to these communities and indigenous villages. This work reinforces the need to give visibility to these community members and the urgency of implementing public policies that guarantee the population's basic rights.