Sazonalidade da radiação solar e a relação com a geração de energia fotovoltaica na cidade de Santarém-Pará, Amazônia, Brasil

Abstract

In the current context of sustainable development, humanity is looking for alternative energy sources, with solar energy being one of these sources, and the availability of solar energy on the earth's surface is much higher than the global demand for electricity. It is important to collect reliable solar radiation data, as well as to establish a correlation that allows characterizing the seasonal radiation potential and correlating it with the effectiveness of the generation of photovoltaic energy distributed throughout the year. The research aimed to characterize the global solar radiation, as well as its seasonal distribution, using hourly (6 to 6 pm) and monthly data, from September 2015 to December 2018, applying arithmetic mean calculation. And relate it to the generation of photovoltaic energy for the period from May 2018 to July 2021. Using the computer program Microsoft Excel, tables and graphs were generated that helped to better understand the research and explain the results. It is observed that the times with the highest peak incidence of solar radiation are 1pm and 2pm, with a quantity of 5,633 Kj/m². For the dry season, global solar radiation totals 53%, and 47% in the rainy season. The months of September and October concentrate the highest levels of solar radiation with 21,796 and 21,556 Kj/m² and photovoltaic energy generation is 1,200 kW/h. There was a statistically significant correlation between solar radiation and photovoltaic energy generation (R=0.70; p<0.05) showing that the power generated by a photovoltaic system is directly linked to the radiation intensity. The data obtained, for now, were sufficient to answer the questions raised. The city of Santarém-PA has global solar radiation potential capable of satisfying the generation of photovoltaic solar energy, even in the winter period where there is a 22% loss of solar radiation.