Avaliação agronômica de novos clones de Manihot esculenta Crantz no segundo ciclo vegetativo

Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) culture, also known in various regions like table cassava, aipim or macaxeira, originates from the Amazon region of the Americas, cultivated throughout the national territory mainly by small producers, it is of great importance in the socioeconomic scenario. from the country. Cassava has as its main product the root, which is widely used for the manufacture of flour, starch, and is also consumed in natura or pre-cooked (macaxeira). Breeding programs conducted by research institutions are primarily responsible for selecting highly productive varieties that have early cycle and resistance to pests and diseases. Given the context, the present study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics in the second vegetative cycle of new macaxeira clones from a breeding program linked to the Federal University of Western Pará, under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the municipality of Santarém-PA. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 13 treatments (new clones of macaxeira) and three replications. The plots consisted of 10 plants distributed in two rows of 5 meters, with 1.0 x 1.0 m spacing. The results show that productivity was significantly and positively correlated with commercial root mass (r = 0.98), fresh shoot mass (r = 0.61) and mean root diameter (r = 0.63). Stands out clone C5 that obtained higher yields in relation to these characteristics, and consequently presented higher average yield 44.70 t ha-1, it is noteworthy that the overall average productivity of the treatments was 26.99 t ha -1 being higher than the national and state average, which ranges from 10 to 15 t ha-1. Regarding the root cooking time (TC), of thirteen clones tested, twelve materials had an average cooking time of less than thirty minutes, being classified as good cooking time, especially the clone C11, which presented an average of 12.30 minutes. All evaluated clones have desirable agronomic characteristics making them promising for the lower Amazon market.