Estudo fitoquímico e avaliação da atividade biológica do resíduo sólido e do hidrolato dos rizomas de Priprioca (Cyperus articulatus var. nodosus, CYPERACEAE) cultivada em Santarém-PA, Brasil

Abstract

The Amazon is rich in species with medicinal and / or aromatic properties, entretando the region lacks scientific studies on the chemical composition and biological activity of the species in the region. The priprioca (Cyperus articulatus var. nodosus), a species widely used in traditional medicine and for flavoring purposes, became nationally known after its inclusion in perfumery for cosmetics company Natura®. The essential oil of priprioca rhizomes have high added value and complex chemical composition. Large amounts of rhizomes are extracted annually, generating tons of solid waste (plant mass after the essential oil extraction) and many liters of hydrolate (liquid residue obtained from the distillation of aromatic plants). Currently, solid waste and hydrolate of priprioca have no specific purpose and should become the subject of scientific studies due to the pharmacological properties of essential oil and scientifically proven priprioca rhizomes extracts and the lack of studies directed to this waste and aiming make the process of obtaining the essential oil more sustainable. Therefore, the aim of the work was the phytochemical study of organic extracts of solid waste and hydrolate derived essential oil extraction process of priprioca rhizomes (C. articulatus var. Nodosus) grown in Santarém-PA and evaluation of biological activity . Therefore, the solid residue was extracted with organic solvents in Soxlhet and bath and fractionated via acid-base extraction, liquid-liquid partition and column chromatography. The phytochemical characterization was by GC-MS and UPLC. Biological evaluation occurred ahead by toxicity assays microcrustacean Artemia salina, antimicrobial activity test using microdilution MIC and antiproliferative activity in vitro by means of TGI by linear regression calculation. The major compounds identified in hydrolate of priprioca were verbenone and mustacona, however, mustacona was held responsible for the pleasant odor of hydrolate. The phytochemical characterization of the solid residue showed the presence of sesquiterpenes such as mustacona and corimbolona, fatty acids and steroids. The hexane extract of solid waste priprioca showed toxicity against the microcrustacean A. salina and greater inhibitory activity against human tumor cell lines used in the antiproliferative assay, so was fractionated and again subjected to antiproliferative tests in which there are two inactive fractions and two fractions active. Antimicrobial assays were active only at high CIM, being considered weakly to moderately inhibitory. Thus, the hydrolate and solid waste priprioca have great potential biological vita point, chemical, economic and technological, providing raw materials for cosmeceuticals industry.