Aspectos fisiológicos de Biribazeiro (Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill), Cupuaçuzeiro (Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K. Schum) e Muricizeiro (Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunt), sob diferentes doses de fosfato natural

Abstract

The growing demand for nutrients especially phosphorus, the fruit species requires better understanding of the dynamics of this nutrient in the soil-plant system. With this objective was to analyze the physiological aspects of species fruit biribazeiro (Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill), cupuaçuzeiro (Theobroma gradiflorum (Willd. Ex Spreng.) K. Schum) and muricizeiro (Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunt ) under different doses of natural phosphate. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Pará UFOPA West, in a randomized block design, in 3x3 factorial three natural phosphate doses of Arad (T1- without the addition of natural phosphate, T2- 0,5g / vase natural phosphate and T3- 1g / vase natural phosphate), and three fruit species with four replications for 77 days. Were evaluated: the TCA and TCR of growth in height and stem diameter, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter and roots, so leaf dry matter and root dry matter, the concentration of P and efficiency in the use of P in the leaves and roots, as well as stomatal conductance and leaf temperature under two treatments of luminosities (L1- 30% light; L2 100% light). Based on the results of the analyzes, it was found that the absolute growth rates and relative height and diameter did not show a unique pattern of growth for fruit species under different doses of natural phosphate. In the development of biribazeiro and cupuaçuzeiro treatment T3 (1g / vase natural phosphate) provided increment in height and stem diameter (61,51cm; 10,19mm biribazeiro; 50.90cm, 10,52mm cupuaçuzeiro), other physiological variables significant differences in T2 and T3. The muricizeiro did not respond to phosphorus used during the evaluation period, with higher rates in the treatment T1 (without the addition of natural phosphate) for all variables. The P concentration was more significant in the treatment (T2-4,19g / kg T3-3,37g / kg) leaves the biribazeiro and to the cupuaçuzeiro (T2-1,27g / kg T3-1,25g / kg) in roots. The cupuaçuzeiro was more efficient in the use of phosphorus in the (T2-0,627) in leaves and roots (T3-7,202), the biribazeiro was more efficient in (T3-7,835) roots. The fruit species reduced gas 100% light and leaf temperature was nearly constant brightness between the two treatments ranging from 30.9 ° C to 32.6 ° C.