Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana no brasil, Estado do Pará e na cidade de belterra entre 2009 a 2019

Abstract

American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is part of a set of infectious diseases, caused by protozoa of the Leishmania genus transmitted by the sandfly vector of the Lutzomya genus. According to the Pan American Organization, it is a public health problem because it causes serious consequences for those infected. The literature proves that the transmission of this disease has undergone changes, no longer being present only in rural areas, but also in urban areas. Based on the overview presented, this study aimed to identify the temporal evolution of ATL in Brazil, the state of Pará and the municipality of Belterra between the years 2009 to 2019. For this, an exploratory, retrospective and quantitative research was carried out. Data were obtained from the Information and Diseases System (SINAN). Then they were tabulated and presented in a descriptive way. The results showed that the absolute cases of ATL reported from 2009 to 2019 were 226,051 in Brazil, in the state of Pará there were 37,524 cases and in the municipality of Belterra there were 193 cases. It was also evidenced that ATL shows variations in the number of cases over the years, with a similar trend in Brazil, Pará and Belterra. Regarding the prevalence rate, it was evidenced that the rate in the state of Pará was above the average of cases in Brazil and the prevalence rate in the city of Belterra was above the national and state average. Regarding gender, it was observed that the male gender is more affected than the female one, because throughout the period in the three analyzed places, 60% of the reported cases occur in men. Regarding the race declared in the notifications, the results showed a predominance of cases in people of the brown race. With regard to education, there was a high rate of ignored or blank cases and also in the vast majority of cases of ACL, they affected people with incomplete elementary school. In view of this, it is suggested that new researches be carried out in different periods regarding this theme, in order to induce knowledge of this disease and the construction of effective public policies that welcome and strengthen populations vulnerable to this disease.