Transplante de células tronco hematopoéticas como tratamento para o Diabetes Mellitus Tipo I

Abstract

This work is an integrative literature review with the objective of evaluating the evidence available in the national and international literature on the use of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the treatment of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. the databases: Scielo, Lilacs and MedLine/Pubmed, with inclusion criteria being the evidence published in full and addressing issues related to Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, which were published in Portuguese and English in the period from 1987 to 2022 and that were available for consultation. The exclusion criteria were all other articles that were outside the scientific search and that did not answer the guiding question of the study, as well as articles that were not related to the theme. Evidence was evaluated in terms of general characteristics, evidence level classification and content categorization. Nine articles were selected as a final sample. Regarding the year of publication, it was observed that the years with the most publications were the years 2016 and 2017. Of the evidence collected, 22.22% of the articles were classified as level of evidence I, 22.22% of the articles were classified as level II, 22.22% classified as level III and 33.33% classified as level V. As for the profession of the first authorship of the article, most were written by doctors. Regarding the country of origin of the authors, most were from Brazil. Four categories of analysis were listed for the benefits of HSCT in patients with type 1 DM based on the publications found, these being (I) those that address the topic of type 1 DM; (II) those who talk about treatment alternatives for type 1 DM; (III) those that address aspects related to care for patients with type 1 DM and (IV) those that discuss the effectiveness of HSCT. In general, the evidence collected states that HSCT has benefits and is very promising, however the authors emphasize that finding a treatment for type 1 DM that replaces the exogenous and daily use of insulin in order to control blood glucose levels and keeping the patient safe and healthy is considered a major challenge.