Norma-Padrão: caracterização e ensino

Abstract

The objective of this research is to understand how the objective standard norm of Brazilian Portuguese is characterized and what are its implications for teaching, using as corpus texts of newspapers of greater circulation in Brazil. We start admitting that there is an objective standard norm that is influenced by discourse and is therefore modified by its own uses. We discuss the traditional and linguistic approaches of the standard norm in the classroom, understanding that the latter can contribute to the development of the student's critical thinking about the language. Adopting the linguistic approach, we analyzed journalistic texts from the year 1995 and the year 2015, to verify if, in 20 years, there was any difference in the presented linguistic pattern. The analyzed phenomena were selected by the criterion of the normative tension, we investigated phenomena with low and with high normative tension. We observed that some linguistic phenomena quite frequent in the orality of speakers of the social segment of greater power are not seen so often in the written modality, others aren’t existent in the clipping of texts that was made for the constitution of the corpus. However, other common phenomena in orality are seen in formal texts even if at low frequency, which points to future further acceptance of these phenomena. In comparison to what was observed in the analysis of the phenomena of the different periods, we observed a great similarity in the pattern presented in the two analyzed periods. We conclude that the standard norm that is objectified in writing is in fact a different reality from orality and is tightly controlled, however, with the appearance of phenomena with high normative tension, we have seen that this norm is also shaped by the discourse, although this occurs in a slow way, making it necessary to work with current empirical data to know it.