Dinâmica da atividade pesqueira e fatores espaciais da pesca no Município de Alenquer: contribuições para o manejo

Abstract

The Municipality of Alenquer, located in the mesoregion of the Lower Amazon, has a fishing activity, so far little studied, probably because it is not part of the axis of the great fishing ports of the Amazon. This knowledge gap makes it difficult to understand the dynamics of fishing in the region, as well as its contribution to the Amazon fishery scenario. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of fishing and its spatial effects in the municipality of Alenquer. The information was collected through a participatory fishery monitoring between the years 2010 to 2016. The data were stored in a database with continuous fishing information. Data spatialization was performed using free software QGIS, version 2.14, for buffers, interpolation and vectorization. Monitoring the dynamics of fishing recorded 52,853 fisheries, with a total catch of 1,203,681 kg of fish and a gross financial volume of R $ 3,610,102.20. The fishermen used canoes, bajaras and boats as fishing vessels. For fishing, a variety of equipment was used, especially for gillnets. The catch was composed of 38 groups of fish. The groups of fish as surubim (Pseudoplatystoma punctifer, P. tigrinum); tucunaré (Cichla monoculus, Cichla sp ); curimatá (Prochilodus nigricans); pescada (Plagioscion squamosissimus; P. sp); aracu (Schizodon fasciatus, S. vittatus, Leporinus spp, Rhytiodus argenteofuscus, Laemolita taeniata); pirarara (Phractocephalus hemioliopterus); aruanã (Osteoglosum bicirrhosum); acara-açú (Astronotus crassipinnis; A. ocellatus) e pacu (Metynnis spp, Mylossoma duriventre, M. aureum)accounted for 77% of the total catch. The fisheries were mainly made in lakes (89%), with a record of 863,093 hours of fishing, presenting a better CPUE (1,23) and catch (1,058,969 kg) than paranás environments and rivers. Higher values of catch, CPUE and income occurred during the water ebb period. The lakes are extremely important environments for commercial fishing, all year round, with emphasis on the ebb period, whose catches are concentrated in sedentary species and small and large migratory species. The spatialization of the fishing dynamics allowed to verify that the fishermen operate in a radius of 44 km, exploring 106 fishing environments. The catch varied according to the magnitude of fishing effort practiced by the fishermen in the fishing environments. The environments were not fishing points with higher fishing frequencies in the respective years of prominence in the catch, indicating that the fishermen exploit these places in moments of fish concentration. There is territorial overlapping of the base nuclei in the use of fishing environments. With this, the present study proposed the definition of territorial units of fishery management of lakes, in an integrated, participatory and adaptive perception.