O uso das plantas na caça e pesca - a cultura material das antigas armadilhas indígenas e as tecnologias perecíveis no baixo Tapajós, Povo Kumaruara

Abstract

My research studies the uses, and practices related to the use of plants in traditional medicine, rituals, hunting and fishing activities in two indigenous villages of the Kumaruara people, called Muruary and Solimões, both of which are located on the left bank of the Lower Tapajós River. In the past up until the present, ancient hunting and fishing activities practiced by the Kumaruara were related to a sequence of rituals intended to cleanse and purify the body of fishers and hunters. Plants comprise one of the main elements within these rituals. These plants are cultivated in home gardens or collected in the forest. Ritual baths and smoking are part of the hunter’s life and are considered sacred by the Kumaruara people. Besides the ritual use, plants are also employed in hunting and fishing traps, such as arapucas (traps built to hunt mammals and birds) and fish weirs (tapagens). Although some of these traps are no longer used by the Kumaruara, some community elders still know which gestures and materials were used in relation to these technologies that engaged perishable materials. Gestures and technologies were documented have thus been documented by this research, which aims to identify plant species and their uses, and to record the material culture involved in hunting and fishing activities. The material culture and these technologies are interpreted through the prism of knowledgeable elders from the Muruary and Solimões communities, as well as through an archaeological perspective. Se sikarisá resé yasikári yané kitiwara resewá, mayetaa yakuá iwaita asuí pinaitikasá, asuí kamundusá mukui tendáwa upé: Murary, asuí Solimões. Aitekua Kumarawara tendáwaita. Se mirasá Kumaruwara tauvivéri Tapajós upé, kanhoto rimbíwa resé. Kuxiíma, yané sikwesá pupé, kamundusaraita taumukatúru tapira siya iwaita rupi. Yané mirasá taurasú runde kiti kwayé: ta iwaita tauyutima tauikú kupixáita upé, asuí kaaeté upé. Aitekuaita kamundusara taumuyasuka maye yané kuximawara yawe. Ta iwaita yausári yuíri yamunhã arama maã yaseruka waá "arapucas" asuí "tapagens" kariwa nheenga rupi. Yepe yepe titaumunhã mayé kuximawara yawe. Ape, aitekwa yepe yepe yambúri papera resé kwá sikarisá rupi, maã yaserukawa "tecnologias perecíveis" kariwa nheenga rupi. Yawe waa rupi, se sikarisá umukatúru ana mayetaa yausári nhaa iwaita, asuí mayétaa yapiniaitika, asuí mayetaa yakamundú. Yamukatúru yané kitiwara arama, asendú siya miraita Murary wara, asuí Solimões waraita.