Influência da textura do solo e adubação no desenvolvimento das plantas de milho

Abstract

Corn (Zea mays L.) is a plant belonging to the Poaceae family of great economic importance in Brazil, making the country the third largest producer in the world. Furthermore, corn is one of the main agricultural cereals in the world, where the raw material is used mainly in the poultry, pig and cattle farming sectors. In addition to the macronutrients (NPK) essential for the growth and productivity of corn, research with alternative sources is of fundamental importance, as they contribute to soil fertility and plant nutrition, as well as studies related to the influence of soil texture on the crop. In this context, the study aimed to evaluate the influence of soil texture and fertilization on the initial development of corn plants. The experiment was installed in the Greenhouse II of the Juruti University Campus/UFOPA. The soil used was latosol with a clayey texture and latosol with a sandy texture, collected in two different areas in the Três Bocas community in the municipality of Juruti-PA. The experimental design adopted was completely randomized in DIC, in a 2X3 factorial, with 6 treatments and 4 replicates each, totaling 24 experimental units, where the treatments used were the following: T1 - soil 1 + mineral fertilization; T2 - soil 1 + cattle manure (20%); T3 - soil 1 without fertilization (control); T4 - soil 2+ mineral fertilization; T5 - soil 2 + cattle manure (20%) and T6 - soil 2 without fertilization (control). The corn seeds used were hybrid (FS750), sown 2 seeds per pot, after 7 days of planting, thinning was performed, leaving the seedling more vigorous. During the experiment, measurements of the following variables were made: number of leaves (NF), stem diameter (DC), and plant height (AP), every 7 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, at 53 days, the variables of fresh and dry mass of the aerial part, fresh and dry mass of the root and root volume were measured. The data were analyzed and the means were compared using the Scott Knott test at 5% probability, using SISVAR software. A significant interaction was observed between the soil textures and fertilizations evaluated. In general, treatments T2 (soil 1) and T5 (soil 2), both with 20% cattle manure, showed the best results compared to treatments using mineral fertilizer. Emphasizing the potential use of cattle manure as an alternative organic fertilization for corn crops.