Composição e diversidade de borboletas frugívoras em área de manejo florestal comunitário na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, Pará, Brasil

Abstract

An endeavor to reduce predatory and illegal logging in Amazon is through timber forest management. Tapajós National Forest was the first conservation unit created with the management category and is regarded as a model of community timber forest management. Therefore, its necessary to know about the relation between logging and fauna, aimed not only economic sustainability, but also ecological. Thus, the objectives of this work were: (i) elaborate a list of frugivorous butterflies of Tapajós National Forest; (ii) investigate differences in the composition and diversity of frugivorous butterflies in an area of full timber forest management, operated for six years, and a permanent preservation area; and (iii) assess the seasonality frugivourous butterflies communities in an area of full timber forest management, operated for six years, and a permanent preservation area in Tapajós National Forest. For such, butterflies were collected during 12 months (from December 2011 to November 2012) by Van Someren-Rydon traps, baited with fermented banana in sugar cane juice in a high of 1.5 to 1.6 meters from the ground. Traps remained open for 5 consecutive days, being inspected daily and bate being changed every 48 hours or when it was necessary. To evaluate the difference in butterflies fauna composition and diversity between the areas the following parameters were measured: richness (S), abundance (N), Shannon diversity and uniformity index (H’ and E’), Berger – Parker dominance index (BP), constancy and dominance. Similarity comparisons between the sampling units from areas and periods (+ rain and – rain) were made by Bray-Curtis index through UPGMA method. Richness estimates were made using procedures “Bootstrap”, “Chao 1”, “Chao 2”, “Jackknife 1”, “Jackknife 2”. In the managed area were collected 483 specimens distributed in 56 species, 11 of which were exclusive of this area. The following values were found: H’ = 3.18, E’ = 0.79, BP = 0.14. In the permanent preservation area 351 specimens were collected distributed in 45 species, 22 of which were exclusive of this area. the following values were found: H’ = 3.23, E’ = 0.85, BP = 0.11. The frugivorous butterflies’ guild presented higher richness and abundance on the lass rain period in both areas. The estimators predicted for the managed area 64-78 species and to permanent preservation area, 57-53 species. The areas presented 57% of similarity. The sampling units in the managed area were 71% similar and in 74% on the permanent preserved area. The more rain period between the areas was 55% similar and the less rain period, 61%. The results founded, with 1 year of sampling, show that frugivorous butterflies diversity between the areas, with our without full logging management influence, it is not affected by exploration time. However, it should be noted that permanent preserved area presented twice as many exclusive species.