Esfingídeos (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) em Savanas na Área de Proteção Ambiental Alter do Chão, Santarém, Pará, Brasil

Abstract

Fauna survey in savannas allows the knowledge of the local diversity, the biological potential of these areas and, helps to highlight the importance of preservation of this ecosystem. Aiming to perform faunal studies with sphingids (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) on savannas in the Alter do Chão Environmental Protection Area, this research consisted of two chapters, in the first one, the fauna of Sphingidae was analyzed in relation to the abundance, richness, composition and diversity in the period of one year, in two areas of savannas, verifying the seasonality, correlation of abundance and richness in relation to temperature, relative humidity and precipitation. The catches were monthly, through Pennsylvania light trap, at two sampling sites, during one night in each area, from 6:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m., from June 2014 to May 2015, was evaluated during the periods (more rainy and less rainy), the parameters: species richness (S), abundance (N), dominance, composition, diversity index and uniformity of Shannon (H' and U) and dominance of Berger-Parker (BP). Estimates of species richness were performed through non-parametric tests: Bootstrap, Chao1, ACE, Jackknife1 and Jackknife2. The total result was 34 species and 374 specimens, with indices (H‟= 2.59; U= 0.733; BP= 0.235), estimates of species richness indicate that it was collected between 63% and 87% of the expected species. Bootstrap estimated 39 species and Chao1 54 species. The less rainy season presented better results (S= 26; H‟= 2.40; N= 222). This was the most expressive for estimates of species richness highlighting that, Jackknife 2 estimated 34 species, the same value of the species richness found in our total sampling. Regarding the climatic variables only for abundance and temperature obtained a moderate, positive and significant correlation. Isognathus caricae (Linnaeus, 1758) was the most abundant in both periods. In the second chapter, the survey of the moth fauna, from May 2014 to December 2016 (including the collections from the previous study), with the same methodology of collection, in 90 sampling sites. The total result was 36 species and 836 specimens. The most representative tribe was Dilophonotini (S= 22 N= 638), the genus as the greatest species richness was Erinnyis (S= 5) and the most abundant was Isognathus (N= 329) and, Isognathus caricae (N= 220) was the most abundant, the ratio of male to female was (3.5: 1). It is recorded the occurrence of Callionima grisescens (Rothschild, 1894) for the Pará state and Brazilian Amazon.