O movimento balístico: da experimentação à olimpíada - uma proposta de sequência didática a partir de um relato de experiência no ensino de física

Abstract

In this work, a didactic sequence for teaching the ballistic movement was presented based on an experience report of teaching activity in some cities in the State of Pará in recent years. Applied with the participation of 17 students of various classes and levels, during 10 classes, in a public school with approximately 700 students in the city of Itaituba in the State of Pará. Based on the significant learning of David Ausubel, in the context of conducting experiments in Physics - Rocket launch. The proposal related the teaching of Physics through experimentation and flight analysis of the built prototypes. The application of the sequence had as teaching-learning methodology pre-established procedures seeking to develop the student’s cognitive structures from his previous knowledge seeking to help him to build meaningful learning. The sequence presented two activities whose objective was to organize the students’ previous knowledge in preparation for the expansion of that knowledge. Activities in the form of workshops: 1. Rocket building workshop and launch bases and 2. Launching of devices to collect and analyze movement data, highlighted the new knowledge to learn: Ballistic Movement. The study sought to mediate between theory and practice of the concepts of mechanics of bodies and had as one of its objectives, to analyze and understand the problem of physical concepts about movements, especially ballistic movement (oblique launch), relating it to other disciplines, in recognition of the multidisciplinary nature of an experimental activity. It addressed concepts about balancing chemical reactions, stoichiometric calculations and mathematics associated with equations of motion by means of ODE - ordinary differential equations. The Activities incorporated several approaches: exposure of the contents and physical concepts; openness to discussions, explanatory videos; construction and launch of prototypes. The perception of the level of knowledge built was accomplished by comparing the answers given by them to the questions during the initial activities as a previous organizer and the answers of the evaluation sheet applied after the end of the didactic sequence, with questions that addressed the same principles, showing a satisfactory performance. Another point addressed in the text deals with participation in knowledge olympics such as MoBFog / OBA, which offers the possibility of participating in external events providing a differentiated view of the teaching of this topic, its applicability and the variety of physical concepts involved.