Síndrome de Burnout e perfil nutricional de docentes da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará

Abstract

The Burnout syndrome is a chronic stress process, initiated with tension and pressure levels at work for prolonged periods. The public higher education teacher is subjected to several stressors that may cause the syndrome, such as: admission through a competition; periodic assessments and the need for training for professional progression; excessive workload; performance in teaching, research and extension; dealing with inexperienced students, just out of a completely different educational structure. Chronic stress causes systemic changes that alter body homeostasis, including the regulation of food intake, which can cause changes in the individual's nutritional status. The study was developed with the objective of identifying and analyzing the Burnout Syndrome; trace the nutritional profile; correlate Burnout Syndrome to the nutritional status of professors at the Federal University ofWestern Pará. In this way, a cross-sectional, non-random study was carried out with professors who joined the institution from its creation until December 2017. For the identification of Burnout Syndrome, the “Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo” was used for teachers, adapted and validated for Portuguese. The instrumental is divided into four dimensions: illusion by work, psychological wear, indolence and guilt, where low scores in illusion by work and/or high scores in psychological wear, indolence and guilt are indicative of Burnout Syndrome. Anthropometric assessment and electrical bioimpedance examination were performed to determine the nutritional status. Body Mass Index, Fat Percentage and Visceral Fat Area were used as parameters. The research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará. 44 professors participated in the research, 29 (65.9%) were female and 14 (34.1%) were male, with a mean age of 41.0 (± 8.33). It was found that 33 (75%) teachers had scores indicative of burnout in at least one dimension of the instrument used, with psychological wear being more frequent, 65.9% of the sample. As for nutritional status, 51.4% were obese and overweight in terms of BMI; 77.8% had a body fat percentage above the reference values and 47.2% had a visceral fat area above 100 cm². It was found in the sample the high incidence of Burnout Syndrome among the participants, however classified as low intensity, this result can be explained by the fact that many of them are in their first and still little teaching experience. Regarding the nutritional status, it was observed that more than half of the teachers have inadequacy in terms of BMI and body fat percentage, associated with excess weight and high body fat percentage. There was no statistical correlation between Burnout Syndrome and changes in nutritional status.