Crime e punição: uma análise econômica do mercado de transporte madeireiro ilegal em processos impetrados na vara agrária de Santarém/PA

Abstract

Deforestation in the Amazon intensified with the arrival of large enterprises in the region, and as of the 1990s, a greater glimpse began when the curbing of forest degradation. At that time, the government established ways to curb this environmental problem, and within these, there is the fight and control of deforestation, with environmental inspection and punishment for such violators. Thus, among the various ways to degrade the environment and/or be a contributor to this, we can include illegal logging. The problem of work was within the scope of the benefit that timber transport can have. Thus, the objective of the work was to carry out the environmental economic analysis about the seizure of illegal wood in transportation filed in processes completed under the jurisdiction of the Agrarian Court of the District of Santarém, with the purpose of evaluating according to the economic theory of crime of the economist Gary Becker. For this, environmental infractions related to crimes against flora were analyzed, and more specifically, the land timber transport, these infractions being in possession of the Agrarian Court of the District of Santarém/PA. The documentary research was carried out in Santarém Forum archive, since the processes that had been fully completed were analyzed and, in order to be able to retrieve the relevant information, a guiding script was designed to support the objectives outlined: characterization, location and the potential benefit. In this way, 144 cases were collected, referring to the years 2006 to 2018. Based on the theory of crime, the potential benefit that an environmental offender of timber crimes could have was measured. In this way, individuals have a rationality when they decide to do an illegal activity and, in this case, the main interest is the economic one. In view of the results, it can be inferred that illegal logging pays off. It is interesting to note that the grater the punishment, that is, the fine imposed, the less the beneficial potential. Therefore, there are several factors that must be improved within the dynamics of combating deforestation, as well as the expansion and injection of resources in environmental inspection; increased inspection control in timber transport, both at the federal and state levels; greater structuring in state agencies and; hold offenders accountable more severely.