Água de beber e água de banhar: estudo socioambiental sobre gênero e insegurança hídrica domiciliar na várzea do Baixo Amazonas
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2023-07-07Autor
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0861295929666212
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-5430
TRINDADE, Andreza Barbosa
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The present research analyzed the situation surrounding deprivations in access and
household water management in a Varzeira community in Lower Amazonas. The
main objective was to verify household water insecurity and the vulnerabilities of
women in a region where there are unsafe water sources. Gender was studied as an
analytical, relational category, where women and girls are the main ones affected in
their socio-environmental, cultural and historical context, as they are socially
responsible for domestic chores and care, thus the production and reproduction of
life in their community context. We pay attention to this problem, based on a
paradoxical relationship in the Brazilian Amazon: the natural abundance of water
versus the scarcity in homes, as well as the inadequate quality of the services
available. The methodologies has consisted of the descriptive analysis of statistical
data, the social practices of these women and girls around water relations and a
bibliographic and documentary survey, configured as qualitative and quantitative.
The following stages were constituted: collection of secondary data; systematic
research; pre-field; population organization and sampling; preparation of
questionnaires; Implementation of the household water insecurity scale and
questionnaire to collect primary sociodemographic data; analysis and interpretation
of data. Between October 2022 and March 2023, we collected data from 82
households whose random sample found 141 women, 101 of whom were of
menstrual age. The results obtained through the application of the household water
insecurity scale and sociodemographic questionnaire highlighted the situation of
women in households. In 85% of cases, women are primarily responsible for taking
care of water in homes. 15% of women are black/black while (75%) are brown.
70.13% of women in the sample were of menstrual age, demonstrating vulnerability
regarding feminine hygiene. Income and unpaid domestic work associated with
greater water insecurity were also assessed. Using 12 variables on the scale, the
frequency in which there was concern, interruption or impediment to washing clothes,
washing hands and bathing was assessed over the last four weeks. Changes in daily
planning were evaluated due to the interruption or absence of water, changes or
impediments in food preparation. The other variables verified at household level refer
to perceived stress (shame, anger or irritation) in relation to the ways of obtaining,
domestic management and storage of the water they consume, the availability of
water to drink based on the preference of the women who made up households.
Households with a greater number of women tend to have greater water insecurity,
showing that women are more vulnerable to issues such as menstrual hygiene and
domestic care activities, which include caring for children, the elderly and people who
are sick at home. The identification and characterization of water insecurity, as well
as household water management in the Amazon region, encourage the debate on
public policies from a gender perspective.