O relacionamento filogenético entre Mico, Cebuella e Callithrix avaliado por meio de dados moleculares
Date
2016Author
http://lattes.cnpq.br/6845915282782056
SANTOS, Priscila Figueiredo
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The New World primates belong to the infraorder Platyrrhini and are distributed by the
tropical forests of South America and Central America. Although extensively studied,
new species continue to be described to unexplored areas of the Amazon region. The
Callitrichinae subfamily is the one that has the greatest diversity, with 41 known species,
with at least 60 valid rate. The primates of the subfamily Callitrichinae gather the smaller
platyrrhines occurring in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest. Its species are distributed in
six genera: Saguinus, Leontopithecus, Callimico, Callithrix, Mico and Cebuella. For the
present study were considered the three most derived genera Callithrix, Mico and
Cebuella and whose taxonomy still has many unresolved issues from the taxonomic point
of view. DNA sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (CytB) were obtained
for seven species of Mico, five from Callithrix, and for four specimens of the monotypic
Pygmy marmoset (Cebuella). Phylogenetic analyzes were performed using Callimico
goeldii as the outgroup. The phylogenetic arrangement showed reciprocal monophyly of
the Atlantic Forest group (Callithrix) in relation to the Amazon group (Mico and
Cebuella). Regarding the internal arrangements, there was the following configuration
for Callithrix: the species C. aurita is the most basal compared to other taxa, but there has
been a polytomy involving species C. jacchus, C. penicillata, C. geoffroyi and C. kuhlli.
For the Amazon group was observed pygmy marmoset as the most basal lineage. Mico
humilis appears as the first species to diverge in this genus, followed by a monophyletic
group, possibly resulting from an explosive diversification that originated the other
species of Mico. The taxonomic status of "humilis", whether it be a species of Mico or
species of a new genus (Callibella) was evaluated on the basis of nucleotide differences.
It was observed that the divergence of "humilis" in relation to other species Mico is
smaller than the divergence of C. aurita in relation to other species of Callithrix.
Therefore, we can conclude that if "humilis" deserves the different genus status, as
postulated by some authors, the same criteria should be applied to raise "aurita" to a new
genus, separating it from Callithrix. In turn, pygmy marmoset appears to be a complex of
species, since high nucleotide differences were observed among individuals of this
species, to the present recognized by literature as monotypic. The results of this analysis
are quite informative to elucidate important aspects of the evolutionary history of small
primates of the Callitrichinae subfamily.
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