Ecofisiologia de Arecaceae em Ambiente Indígena
Date
2023-08-31Author
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1941608083658085
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3632-124X
SOUZA, Andressa Jaqueline Viana de
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
In the context of the vast biodiversity of the Amazon biome, the botanical family Arecaceae
stands out with significant socio-economic value for local communities. Despite its
remarkable economic and ecological relevance, placing it among the most important in the
world, there is still a lack of comprehensive studies on its physiological characteristics, such
as chlorophyll content and the composition of secondary metabolites, such as leaf
polyphenols in the flavonoid class, which include subclasses of flavonols and anthocyanins.
The present study aimed to characterize the indices of four eco-physiological parameters,
namely: Nitrogen Balance Index, Total Chlorophyll Index, Flavonoid Index, and Anthocyanin
Index in the leaves of four palm species located in the Munduruku Indigenous Territory of
Planalto, in Santarém, Pará. This territory covers floodplain and upland areas, accessible via
PA-370 Highway, and borders with other communities, quilombos, and settlements. Four
Arecaceae species of socio-economic importance and bioeconomic potential were selected
and identified: Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng (babaçu), Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.
(bacaba), Bactris gasipaes Kunth. (pupunha), and Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey. (tucumã).
Measurements were taken in november 2022, between 8 AM and 12 PM, on three individuals
of each species, totaling 12 palm trees. Two measurements were taken on each selected
individual, on the abaxial and adaxial sides of the leaves, using the DUALEX® Force A
chlorophyll meter. The measured data were analyzed using BioEstat® software version 5.3,
through Descriptive Statistics and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with one criterion for the
four species, ANOVA with two criteria to compare the adaxial and abaxial sides of the leaves,
as well as multivariate analyses, including the calculation of Bartlett, Penrose, and
Mahalanobis coefficients, and Pearson's correlation matrix. The results obtained allowed
inferring that there are significant differences in the constitution of eco-physiological
parameters among the species. Regarding the Nitrogen Balance Index (Nbi), the B. gasipaes
species stood out with the highest index on both sides of the leaves. On the other hand, the
palm A. aculeatum demonstrated higher photosynthetic efficiency, indicated by the higher
Total Chlorophyll Index (Chl). Concerning polyphenols, flavonols, and anthocyanins, the
palms A. aculeatum and O. bacaba presented the highest leaf levels. No significant
differences were observed among the studied parameters when considering the leaf sides.