Efeito do óleo essencial de capim santo (Cymbopogon citratus) (Stapf) DC. (Poaceae) em Argulídeos (Crustacea, Branchiura): Argulus sp e Dolops discoidalis.
Resumen
The increase in the number of fish farms in the national territory associated to the intensification
of production, there have been outbreaks and high fish mortalities due to the diseases. One of
the main obstacles is the occurrence of parasitic infestations, followed or not by the presence
of opportunistic pathogens. Among these opportunistic pathogens are crustaceans, periodic
ectoparasites of marine and sweet fish. Among the crustaceans, there is the subclass Branchiura,
popularly called "fish lice" or Argulídeos, which compromises sanity in aquaculture, so its
control is fundamental. However, the use of natural products (phytotherapics) has been gaining
prominence in animal health, mainly because they are efficient bioactive substances in parasitic
control. One of these plants with potential use in aquaculture is the holy grass (Cymbopogon
citratus), the essential oil extracted from this plant is efficient in the control of bovine
ectoparasites. This thesis studied the effects of the essential oil of C. citratus ( major
components geranial, neral and mirceno) in the control of ectoparasites of fish belonging to
the family Argulidae (Dolops discoidalis and Argulus sp), through the LC50-24h test with dosages
20 µg/L, 40 µg/L; 60 µg/L, 80 µg/L, 100 µg/L, 120 µg/L, 140 µg/L and 160 µg/L. The
maximum mortality for the representatives of Argulus sp started from the concentration of 100
µg/L, while the maximum mortality of Dolops discoidalis started in the treatment of 80 µg/L.
The Lethal Concentration (LC50-24h) for adult Argulus sp was 76,3μg / L and adult Dolops
discoidalis was 59,3μg / L. It was observed that all mortality in the test (LC50-24h) occurred in
the first hour. The essential oil of C. citratus was also tested (LC50-24h) in the ovipositions of
argulids, in both the maximum mortality (100%) of the ovipositions started from the treatments
of 140μg / L and 160μg / L. The Lethal Concentration (LC50-24h) for the ovipositions of Argulus
sp and Dolops discoidalis were 99,7 μg / L and 99,3 μg / L, respectively. The parasite phase
was important for the definition of the control concentration. In addition, studies are required
to evaluate the effect on infected fish for the indication of this oil in aquaculture, since in this
work, low concentrations of C. citratus O.E. CL were determined in the control of adult
Argulids.
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