Ampliando o conhecimento sobre a flora amazônica: distribuição da riqueza de samambaias e licófitas na Amazônia Central
Abstract
Poroid fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) are characterized by the presence of the tubular hymenophore/pores. However, because belongs polyphyletic group, poroids also harbor species of smooth and toothed hymenial surface. Most of the poroid fungi degrade dead wood, decomposing this substrate, thus being called lignocellulolytic. But also is found some species living in the soil or, rarely, parasitizing plants. In order to contribute to the knowledge about the richness and ecology of this group of fungi in the Brazilian Amazon, four collections were carried out in a forest area in the west of Santarém between january and october 2018. In each collection were crossed 30 transects of 250 meters each, where 545 specimens were collected in 91 species, 43 genera, seven families and two orders. Being 16 species of new records for the state and one for South America. Most species (87; 96%) were considered occasional or rare, with only four species considered frequent, and none abundant. The variation of abundance, species richness and composition of poroid fungi were investigated over time in relation to: canopy opening, temperature, air humidity and rainfall. The richness of poroid fungi was significantly influenced by moisture, while the composition was influenced by temperature, humidity and rainfall. The percentage of canopy opening did not influence any biotic variable. The abundance, richness and composition are different in sample periods, being greater in the rainy period. The number of occurrence and preference of poroid fungi species is higher in dead than alive logs, as well as the greater relation between the D1 and D2 decomposition stages, corroborating some studies in Brazil. The distribution of the assembly is totally random with no effect of the abiotic or geographical variables on the co-occurrence of the species.
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