Análise epidemiológica da evolução temporal do escorpionismo no Brasil com ênfase na Amazônia Legal Brasileira, 2000 a 2018
Fecha
2020-03-23Autor
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4733524068969899
ALMEIDA NETO, Geraldo Walter de
Metadatos
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Accidents by venomous animals, although old, still represent a major public health problem in
Brazil and worldwide. Among these, scorpionism, which is caused by scorpion stings, can lead
to human envenomation whose severity and evolution vary from mild to moderate and even
severe cases, which can cause sequelae or deaths. This work analyzed the clinical and
epidemiological profile of scorpionism in Brazil with an emphasis on the Brazilian Legal
Amazon, from 2000 to 2018. The methodology consisted of a descriptive and analytical
clinical-epidemiological survey of scorpion envenomations notified in the Notifiable Diseases
Information System - SINAN, in the period from 2000 to 2018. The variables were analyzed
by calculating the rates of incidence, lethality, mortality and Odds Ratio, using a 95%
confidence interval. The tabulation, analysis and plotting of the data was performed using
Microsoft Excel 2013 software. The EpiInfo 7.2 software was used, particularly, for case control analysis. The incidence maps were produced with QGIS® version 3.10 and the spatial
correlation maps with the GeoDa 1.12 software. In the studied period, there was an increase in
the number of reported cases in Brazil from 12,552 cases in 2000, to 156,833 in 2018, which
represented an increase of 1249%, with a total of 1,109,443 cases and an annual average of
58,392 cases. In the Brazilian Legal Amazon, 64,986 cases were reported in the period from
2000 to 2018, which represents 5.85% of national notifications and of which 136 died. Male
individuals aged from 20 to 59 years were the most affected and the most frequent cases of
death occurred in the group of up to 9 years old. The factors associated with the death from
case-control analysis indicated individuals aged 14 years or less and the cases classified as
severe. Regarding the spatial distribution of accidents, vector clusters of incidence were
observed in the health region of Baixo Amazonas, Xingu and Tapajós in the state of Pará, in
the health region of Rio Madeira in Amazonas, as well as some regions of Mato Grosso (health
regions of Alto Tapajós and Northwest Mato-grossense), Tocantins (Ilha do Bananal and Amor
Perfeito health regions) and Maranhão (Balsas health region). In the Brazilian Legal Amazon,
rural areas are among the most susceptible to scorpion envenomation, with the population in
the economically active age group being the most affected, although cases of death were more
frequent in children. The increased incidence of scorpionism in Brazil described in this work
highlights the necessity to intensify epidemiological surveillance actions, particularly in the
southeast and northeast regions of the country, where cases of death were more frequent. It is
worth mentioning the need for better investment of resources, within the public policies aimed
at preventing accidents with venomous animals and patient care, as well as for the quality and
updating of the notification systems, since these allow the identification of the affected regions
and also to perform the necessary actions.