A geometria como uma proposta disciplinar para o ensino fundamental: um estudo de campo na escola Centro Educacional Anchieta, no município de Itaituba

Abstract

Geometry is everywhere where the human being is established, giving him the opportunity to investigate through his different knowledge, Mathematics and its diversity. Around 1500 d. C. modern symbolic algebra was taking its first steps, constituting with Arithmetic and Geometry, the disciplinary tripod in the process of teaching and learning, of mathematical knowledge, in European schools. Although Euclidean geometry and arithmetic were already consolidated as disciplines of European school education, this disciplinary tripod lasted until the 20th century, when from 1950 onwards, the school curriculum in the world underwent a modernization and reformulation, which emphasized algebra, with Geometry approached in an intuitive way, to the detriment of the deductible logical process hitherto consolidated. Such changes were established with the Movement of Modern Mathematics (MMM), of global scope, that made of Geometry, Arithmetic and Algebra, contents of the discipline Mathematics. This work brings to the discussion, using Field Research, a pilot project implemented since 2014 at the Centro Educacional Anchieta school, in the municipality of Itaituba-PA, in which the school's pedagogical planning made Geometry a discipline, with workload of 20 hours per month, providing its faculty with a programmatic grid that develops a solid base of the most important geometric concepts of elementary and high school, with the objective of improving the teaching and learning process of Mathematics, and consequently reducing the repetition and obtain better results in national evaluations, and in particular ENEM. To this end, a schedule of all geometric content to be worked on every two months, from the 6th to the 9th grade of elementary school, in conjunction with algebra and arithmetic, was created, looking for skills and competences available in the PCN and BNCC. The research shows that the emphasis on the study of Geometry, with specific classes on this theme, combined with new educational methodologies and technologies, succeeded in reducing repetition and significantly improved the average of the students' grades in the ENEM exam. The work also presents the opinion of Mathematics teachers, from the municipality of Itaituba, about the adoption of Geometry as a discipline.