A inclusão de pessoas com deficiência e a educação especial: trançando e mapeando diálogos com a diferença e os diferentes
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Data
2023-05-12Autor
CALIXTO, Hector Renan da Silveira
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Difference is present in society in all subjects, expressed in bodies, cultures, languages
and relationships. In special education studies, the themes and contents of the
inclusion of people with disabilities reveal different perspectives regarding the
presence of these students in regular classrooms. Thus, it presents itself as a problem:
what is revealed in the studies of Special Education and Inclusion of People with
Disabilities (SEIPWD), considering the difference as a theoretical construct and its
academic-regional insertion? The objective is, in general, to analyze the theoretical
construct difference in the studies of SEIPWD seeking to reveal its academic insertion
in the North region. Specifically: a) build the state of knowledge of the SEIPWD in the
Journal Portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel
(Capes) (2006 - 2021); b) develop indicators for mapping and analysis of scientific
articles in a bibliographic portfolio; c) unveil and examine the dialogue between Special
Education studies and the theoretical construct “difference” in the Inclusion of People
with Disabilities in the North region; d) create the “twisting” of themes and approaches
to identify existing contributions and gaps in these studies, from the looks of bricolage
and cartography; e) reveal in empirical studies, based on the difference construct, a
possible praxis aimed at the inclusion of people with disabilities; and f) propose a
cartographic plot of the difference construct in the North region announcing its paths
and actors. Bricolage and cartography are used as a methodological basis, with
strategies for producing data on the state of knowledge, using the
SystematicSearchFlow (SSF) method, bibliometric and content analysis. The bricouler
carried out weaving movements, creating dialogues between himself and the
theoretical construct of difference, resulting in: 1) dialogic braid, for initial theoretical
support and feedback during the braids, theoretically expanding and deepening the
researcher I; 2) index braid, pointing to disparity between the number of studies in the
North region and in other regions of the country, even though it presents the highest
rate of increase in stricto sensu postgraduate courses and doctorates, revealing
potential for growth and the existence of scientific “critical mass” for the theme in the
region; 3) thematic braids, with types of studies balanced between theoretical and
empirical, with emphasis on the second, boosting the construction of new knowledge
directly from reality and propositions for change. However, there is a “shy” presence of
praxis suggestions for acting in an inclusive perspective, focusing on understanding
the inclusion process; 4) analytical braids, emphasizing the emphasis given to respect
and acceptance of differences, indicating these as precursors of inclusive actions,
however, they reveal a “mix” between the concepts of diversity and difference, which
may make the differences of people with disabilities invisible. Also, theoretical
treatment approaching essential aspects, such as normality, alterity and vision of the
diversity of cultures and contexts; 5) epistemic braid, pointing to a critical look, but with
little proposal for transformations, considering inclusive training and praxis. Thus, the
theoretical construct of difference in studies on SEIPWD in the North region is
supported by a post-modern look, close to the post-structuralist perspective of cultural
studies, assuming the Other as a radiating element of theoretical reflections and praxis.