Exposição mercurial e a relação do perfil hepático e renal de indivíduos do município de Santarém, Pará
Fecha
2020-02-07Autor
http://lattes.cnpq.br/8144097950279630
SOUZA, Suelen Maria Santos de
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Mercury (Hg) is a heavy metal that is present throughout the earth's crust and among all
contaminating metals, is found in the highest level of toxicity due to its characteristics of
biomagnification and bioaccumulation at different trophic levels, including humans. Studies
described in the literature, have already proved that the main target organs for the toxic action
of Hg in humans are: brain, lung, digestive tract, renal and hepatic system. Taking into account
that other studies have already proven that the population of the Amazon region is
environmentally exposed to this metal, the general objective of this study is to evaluate the
relationship of the hepatic and renal profile with mercurial exposure in individuals in the city
of Santarém, Pará. field research with an observational, descriptive and quantitative approach
and was carried out from January 2017 to July 2019, in various locations in the city of Santarém,
being divided into urban area, plateau and region of rivers (Amazon and Tapajós Rivers). This
work is linked to the Research Protocol approved by the CEP of the State University of Pará UEPA, under the opinion of 1,127,108 and met all the requirements established in resolution
466/2012. To obtain the data, a semi-structured questionnaire was applied, and blood was
collected. Blood collection was performed by venipuncture and 10 mL of sample was collected
from each volunteer. The measurement of HgT was carried out in the Bioprospecting and
Molecular Biology laboratory of the “Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará-Ufopa” and the
enzymatic and biochemical measurements were carried out in the Clinical Analysis Laboratory
of the “Fundação Esperança”. The data obtained through the questionnaire were used to trace
the epidemiological profile of the individuals through a descriptive analysis using frequency
tables. For the quantitative variables, measures of central tendency and dispersion (mean,
median and standard deviation) were calculated using the Excel program, a component of
Microsoft Office® (version 2013). Then Pearson's chi-square test was applied to observe the
homogeneity in the sample distribution in relation to the results (normal and altered) of the
values for both sexes, both for normal and altered values, of the renal and hepatic markers, as
for Hg levels. Four possible relationships were analyzed: Hg levels and frequency of fish
consumption, Hg levels and gender, Hg levels and serum levels of renal markers, Hg levels and
serum levels of hepatic markers. The statistical tests were performed using the STATA 7.0
software, with a significance level of 5%. The results show that the biochemical profile of the
kidney and liver did not show a statistically significant relationship with mercurial exposure;
Of the 236 individuals who participated in this study, 78.4% (N = 185) are exposed to Hg;
Communities on the banks of the Tapajós River have higher HgT concentrations than
communities on the Amazon River; The individuals who consume fish with high frequency,
represented 84.3% of the analyzed sample, being that this group had the highest levels of HgT,
an average of 108.4 μg / L. Considering that renal (urea and creatinine) and hepatic (TGO and
TGP) markers, used in this study, are proven to be sensitive markers for kidney and liver
damage respectively, in the analyzed sample, no individuals with a biochemical profile
consistent with kidney and liver damage were found. However, an important question emerges
from these data: This exposed population needs to be monitored and clinically needs guidance
until it is elucidated how much Hg concentration the body can handle, until it responds with
signs and symptoms and / or with biochemical changes.
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