Resíduos de mercúrio em peixes comerciais consumidos na Pan-Amazônia
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2022-07-29Autor
http://lattes.cnpq.br/9076494308334541
SANTOS, Amanda Carolina Pedro dos
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Given the high demand for fish consumption by the Amazon population, associated with
the problem of contamination of water resources and aquatic biota by metals, there is a need to
assess the levels of mercury in foods consumed locally such as fish. And studies that bring
together past works for assessments of the mercury contamination scenario are relevant in the
direction of contributing to the monitoring of regional food security. Therefore, this research
aims to evaluate the levels of mercury concentration in the most consumed commercial fish in
the Pan-Amazon, as well as to establish an acceptable daily intake index for mercury residues,
based on secondary data. Thus, this research is a systematic bibliographic review from the
collection of data and information in different scientific electronic databases for the period from
1997 to 2021, carried out through descriptors related to mercury residues in commercial fish
consumed in the Pan-Amazon. It is concluded that mercury concentration levels have increased
over the years in carnivorous fish and that carnivorous species are above the threshold of the
food safety zone recommended by the World Health Organization. The average concentrations
found for carnivorous species was 0.616 µg/g-1, for omnivores 0.299 µg/g-1 and
Zooplanktophages 0.411 µg/g-1, herbivore 0.120 µg/g-1 and detritivore 0.096 µg/g-1 . This
represents an increase of 641.7% in relation to the trophic level (detritivore and carnivore),
showing the great potential for bioaccumulation in the top-of-chain species and the
biomagnification that occurs between one link and another. Among the trophic levels, only
detritivores and herbivores did not present concentrations above 0.5 μg/g–1, demonstrating that
they are the safest groups in relation to mercury concentrations, and these species are considered
safe options for human consumption. However, it is important to pay attention to the risk of the
frequency that this food is ingested, since mercury is an element with high accumulation power
and that, even in low concentrations, its frequent consumption can be harmful to health.
Furthermore, the Risk Quotient showed that the consumption of carnivorous and omnivorous
species presents great health risks. This brings the possibility of adverse effects, where a high
exposure to Hg, even if occasional, can significantly contribute to the increased risk of
neurological pathologies in individuals who are being chronically exposed to this element.