Estudo sobre a poluição do ar como fator de risco para doenças do aparelho circulatório (DAC), em Santarém-PA, Amazônia Brasileira

Abstract

Air pollution is the alteration of the indoor or outdoor environment by any physical, chemical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. In recent years, a significant increase in air pollution has been noted. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between meteorological variables and particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in the occurrence of hospitalizations due to diseases of the circulatory system (DSC). A collection point from the pilot air quality monitoring network – Guardians of the Air, in the Maracanã neighborhood with data from 2023 was selected. Statistical techniques were applied to assess the relationship between the variables and DSC. Pearson's correlation and the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) model were used. The results obtained showed that PM2.5 peaked in November. The hypothesis is that these high levels of PM2.5 are due to the fires in the region. The temperature reached its maximum in September, with values above 38°C, while humidity reached its maximum in January, with 82.5%. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between DSC, humidity, and PM2.5. The GEE presented a P-value (<0.05) for both variables, and the Relative Risk was 1.04% and 1.01%, respectively. Therefore, the results contribute to a better understanding of how environmental factors are related to hospitalizations due to circulatory system diseases in Santarém. In addition, this information can help in the creation of prevention strategies and the creation of public and environmental policies, and demonstrates the need for an air quality monitoring network in the region.