Manejo e beneficiamento de resíduos em açaizeiros no município de Santarém - PA

Abstract

Euterpe oleracea Mart. known as açaizeiro is considered one of the main elements of consumption and income of the riverside people in the district of Belém, who carry out the management of açaí trees aiming at increasing the productivity of açaí fruits, having the palm heart as a by-product. There is still no effective use for the stems thinned out during handling, except for some rustic applications by the riverside dwellers themselves. Most of the waste generated remains in the area under the action of decomposition, serving as a shelter for the fauna and bringing a potential risk of work accidents. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the yield of açaí stems resulting from the selective management of clumps, aiming at the use of residues in the manufacture of engineered materials. The work was carried out at the UFOPA experimental farm, located at km 37 of the PA 370 highway (Curuá Una) in an area of native açaiza groves. A plot of 50 x 50 m was delimited, noted in geographic coordinates, where 15 clumps were inventoried at random. Information was obtained from six biometric variables from the clumps and nine from the thinned stems. The thin, very tall, brocaded and cracked stems were indicated for thinning, keeping at least five adult stems, three juveniles and two tillers according to the recommendations of the management of native açaí groves. From the variables used, descriptive statistics, evaluation of normality and Pearson correlation analysis were obtained to characterize the profiles of clumps and stems, evaluate the behavior of the distribution for the use of inference methods and evaluate the behavior and magnitude of the associations between the variables. All statistical evaluations were performed using the R software. The number of stems per clump had an average of 8.2 stems, ranging from 2 to 17 and the number of thinned stems had an average of 3.7 stems, ranging from 0 to 6. other counting variables had little or no expression due to being outside the harvest period and/or due to easier access to the area by the community that explores the production within the area. The yield of stems per clump had an average of 40.3%. The length of the stipe presented an average of 14.5 m and the average distance of the internodes had an average of 13.6 cm, important variables for estimating the use of stems and slat yield resulting from the splitting, and the age and precocity of the stipes, respectively. Circumference and diameter variables averaged around 27.3 cm and 9.2 cm, respectively. These variables are important to obtain the degree of conicity of the stems, which had an average value of 0.46 and help to obtain estimates of yield of stipe strips for the manufacture of engineered products. The work carried out made it possible to obtain estimates of stipes by areas that are important in the planning and management of clumps for the use of residues to add value and complement income.