Reterritorialização e reconstituição identitária de remanescentes de quilombo na área urbana de Santarém: banzeiros, maresias e terras caídas no Rio Amazonas e o Quilombo do Pérola do Maicá

Abstract

In the Lower Amazon region, mocambos and quilombos are numerous. These territories are not part of an immobile past like "that which" remains, but have been experiencing a new political moment since 1980, marked by the ethnic emergence of these social subjects. Thus, this dissertation analyzes the resistance actions of quilombo remnants with common origins, located on the banks and plateaus of the Amazon and Tapajós rivers. The work highlights how, in the last three decades, these groups have developed coping strategies to deal with natural and human threats, including the waves, tidal surges, and land erosion within their territory. Our research focuses on the only urban quilombo in Santarém, which, since 2006, facing numerous threats of eviction from their lands, decided to create the Association of Quilombo Remnant Residents of Arapemã in Maicá (AQRRAM). Based on oral history, this research seeks to answer the scientific question: how has the reconstitution of post-migration Quilombola identity occurred in the Pérola do Maicá territory, and to what extent does this identity contribute to strengthening its culture and help resolve growing conflicts in this unique urban Quilombo in Santarém? Using a qualitative approach, we seek to understand the formation process of the Pérola do Maicá urban Quilombo, as well as the conflicts that permeate the constitution of its identities. From the point of view of the expected results, we consider this research relevant because it contributes to socio-anthropological discussions about the Pérola do Maicá urban Quilombo, as well as to the understanding of the socialization processes of the subjects that form Amazonian society.