Impactos das mudanças climáticas na Comunidade Quilombola de Boa Vista, Oriximiná: desafios e resistências

Abstract

Climate change is one of today's biggest global challenges, disproportionately impacting vulnerable communities such as traditional peoples. Environmental crises, such as global warming, pollution, the destruction of ecosystems and the scarcity of natural resources, exacerbate social inequalities and have a more intense impact on vulnerable populations. This study seeks to analyze the impacts of climate change on the quilombola community of Boa Vista, in Oriximiná (PA), identifying its main vulnerabilities, relating residents' perceptions to meteorological data and evaluating the adaptation strategies implemented by the community and local authorities. The survey initially planned to cover nine traditional communities in Alto Trombetas. However, the greatest response came from the Boa Vista community, which was chosen as the study area. A descriptive analysis was used through the application of a questionnaire, in which 104 people took part, 93.3% of whom were residents of the Boa Vista community, which is equivalent to 97 interviewees, this being the only community represented in the survey. Meteorological data for Oriximiná was also collected and analyzed, covering the period from 1968 to 2022 for the rain gauge station and from 1970 to 2023 for the river gauge station, provided by the National Water and Basic Sanitation Agency (ANA). This data was used to corroborate residents' perceptions of the impacts of climate change. Residents' perceptions revealed significant concern about the hydrological state of the Trombetas River, with 97.93% reporting longer and more frequent periods of drought, 83.50% indicating a deterioration in the quality of water for human consumption and 85.56% noticing more intense and less frequent rainfall in recent years. The quota data showed that, at recent intervals, there have been periods of drought considerably below the historical quota. Rainfall showed great variability, influenced by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENOS) phenomenon in the region.