Etnobotânica de quintais em comunidade tradicional da Região do Lago Grande, Santarém, Pará

Abstract

Ethnobotany is a science that makes it possible to understand man's relationships with nature, as well as the identification and use of plants by community residents. An ethnobotanical study was carried out in the traditional community Maranhão, Lago Grande, Santarém Pará, aiming to identify the species and botanical families cultivated in the backyards of the community. The study was carried out from January 2021 to December 2021. The investigative method consisted of qualitative research with the application of a semi-structured questionnaire with open and closed questions. Data were tabulated and evaluated by means of descriptive analysis using Excel (2007) programs to make graphs and tables. 178 plant species belonging to 71 botanical families were identified. The species were classified into three ethnocategories, with 72 species used in food (40.5%); 70 ornamental species (39.3%); and 36 medicinal species (20.2%). The most expressive species for food use are Mangifera indica L. (68.3%), Citrus sinensis L. (65.9%), Musa acuminata L. (56.1%), Byrsonima verbascifolia L. (51.2 % ), Persea amaricana Mill (48.8%), Theobroma grandiflorum Willd. ex Spreng.(43.9%), Anacardium occidentale L. (43.9%), Euterpe oleracea Mart (41.5%), Cocos nucifera L. (41.5%), Psidium guajava L. (39%), Inga edulis Mart. (36.6%), Oenocarpus bacaba Mart (36.6%), Annona muricata L. (29.3%), Malpighia emarginata L. (29.3%) and Bixa orellana L. (29.3%). For medicinal use, the most expressive species were Trifolium pratense L.; Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf; Melissa officinalis L; Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq.; Arrabidaea chica Humb. Bonpl. B. Verlot; Vitex agnus-castus L.; Justicia pectoralis Jacq.; and Jatropha curcas L., belonging to the Fabaceae botanical families; Poaceae; Verbenaceae; Lamiaceae and Bignoniaceae, Acanthaceae and Euphorbiaceae. As an ornamental plant, 70 species were identified, the most cultivated being Ixora coccinea L. (36.6%); Colocasia antiquorum Schott (31.7%); Tagetes erecta L. (11); Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult. (26.8%); Agave sp. A. Weber. (26.8%); Tradescantia pallida D.R Hunt (26.8); Dracaena trifasciata Prain (24.4%); Portulaca grandiflora Hook (22%); and Catharanthus roseus L. (17%). Plants are natural resources used in the daily lives of people in traditional communities, being of paramount importance for the conservation of biodiversity and local knowledge and practices.