Manual fitoterápico amazônico com foco na atenção básica sob a ótica da interdisciplinaridade

Abstract

The use of medicinal plants from the perspective of traditional knowledge in the Amazon is an ancient therapeutic practice. In 2006, through the National Policy on Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines, phytotherapy gained recognition as a traditional medicine within the scope of the SUS. In this way, the objective of the work was to produce a manual on medicinal plants of Amazonian species used by the population of the municipality of Santarém, with information about the use, identification, commonly used parts, chemical composition, popular and scientific indications, forms of preparation /use, contraindication and side effects. For data collection, species and products of herbal origin marketed at the following fairs in Santarém-Pará was catalogued in loco: Mercadão 2000, Mercado das Flores and Feira da Candilha. Subsequently, a bibliographic survey was carried out on Google Scholar to define the scientific names of the cataloged species. The selection of species native to the Amazon and the description of their scientific data were based on the Flora and Fungas do Brasil 2022 database. In addition, through the scientific name of the species, a search and selection of scientific articles was carried out, most of which indexed in the Science Direct and Scielo databases, which made up the theoretical framework for the construction of the manual. Eight stands selling medicinal plants and traditional herbal products were visited in predetermined locations. A total of 146 different species were catalogued, of which, according to Flora and Funga of the Brasil, 63% are native to Brazil and 37% are exotic. Exotic species are classified as cultivated, naturalized, unregistered and non-occurring in Brazil; of the native species of Brazil, 27% are classified as native species of the Amazon. The herbal medicines manual developed in this research describes the profile of 21 species, including identification data, part used/vegetable organ, chemical composition, indications, preparation/use, contraindication and side effects. The production of this material is significant, considering the insufficient number of monographs on Amazonian species in official Brazilian compendiums. Therefore, this work complies with the guidelines of the National Policy on Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines regarding the promotion and recognition of popular practices for the safe and sustainable use of medicinal plants.