Construção e monitoramento de um sistema de lodos ativados em escala de bancada, do tipo UCT modificado

Abstract

Among the environmental problems caused by the population growth is the contamination of the water by the discharge of sewage in an inadequate way in water courses. For the environmental minimization of this effect it is necessary to carry out treatment before these pollutants are released into the environment. In this way, proposals are launched, such as activated sludge systems of the UCT type for treatment, which add efficiency and low cost. Therefore, it is proposed to build a system of this type, because it works in stages, the efficiency gain is high, being possible the removal of nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, besides removing much of the organic matter and fatty acids. The system consists of five sequential reactors, anaerobic, anoxic 1, anoxic 2, aerobic and decanter, all made from glass. To perform the treatment, aeration, mixing and recirculation devices made of alternative material were used. The analyzes of the parameters were performed with samples collected daily from the raw sewage, final effluent and mixed liquor. The construction of the system was 85% economical when we opted for adapted materials instead of conventional ones. The analyzes showed that the pH varied between 7 and 8, and the alkalinity was 148.58 ppmCaCO3. Volatile fatty acids obtained a reduction of 81.3%. The removal of COD was 78%. Nitrogen forms still persist in the system with nitrite and nitrate averages were 2.14 mg / L, 5.89 mg / L respectively and the phosphorus was removed only 12%. The solids present total solids removal 11.12%, total suspended solids 96.2%, suspended solids volatile 95.3%. In this way it can be concluded that low-cost systems with adapted materials have efficiency in the removal of pollutants and economy.