Impacto do uso do fogo na Amazônia Brasileira: adaptações e perspectivas futuras em um contexto de antropoceno

Abstract

Fire, essential in human evolution, has facilitated land management in the Amazon at low cost, but with significant environmental losses. Its uncontrolled use, aggravated by climate change, intensifies environmental and socioeconomic challenges, demanding adaptive and sustainable management strategies. In this context, the objective of this study is to explore the impacts of fire use in the brazilian Amazon using a scientometric analysis, highlighting trends, gaps and areas of greater scientific relevance. A total of 192 articles indexed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases were analyzed between 1997 and september 2024. The highest scientific productivity was recorded in 2019 (n = 19; 9.9%). Brazil (n = 111; 57.81%) and the USA (n = 32; 16.67%) were the countries with the highest scientific production and also leaders in scientific collaboration networks on this topic. Topics such as "deforestation", "fire", "drought" and "tropical forests" were central topics, while "biomass burning", "air pollution" and "forest fires" were classified as emerging themes in the studies analyzed. Approximately 67.19% of the studies focus their research on forest fires, 27.08% on biomass burning, and 5.73% on slash-and-burn. The geographic distribution of the surveys indicates that the majority (57.29%) is carried out on a regional scale that covers the entire Legal Amazon. Of this total, 15.10% of the studies are focused on the state of Pará and 10.41% on Amazonas. Specifically, 19.79% of searches are concentrated in the Eastern part of the Amazon, while 18.23% are located in the Western part. The most common impacts associated with the use of fire in the brazilian Amazon are ecological (35.15%), emissions and pollution (30.13%), and climate (14.74%). In smaller proportions, socioeconomic impacts (13.39%) and impacts on health and quality of life (4.60%) are documented. This study highlights the importance and complexity of the impacts of fire use in the Amazon, underlining the urgent need for policies that integrate sustainable management practices and governance of fire use. In this sense, the promotion of interdisciplinary research and collaboration between different sectors of society are essential to develop effective solutions that protect Amazonian biodiversity and its communities.