Comparação dos custos em obras civis nas regiões brasileiras

Abstract

The Brazilian territory is very extensive and widely diverse, it is divided into five main regions (North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast and South), presenting a unique climate, several customs and characteristic geographic space. Taking these factors into account, in the context of Civil Construction, regarding the development of budgets and plans for the execution of constructions, disagreements in the values of inputs (materials, equipment and labor) can be expected, directly impacting the final cost of execution from the project. Such discrepancies generate significant challenges for professionals in the Civil Construction sector, mainly due to factors such as logistics, climatology, culture, specialized labor, geographical conditions, among others. To address this issue, the research is based on the use of SINAPI spreadsheets (National Civil Construction Cost and Indices Research System) as a fundamental tool, in order to produce accurate, real and impartial results. In addition to exploring the economic theory of civil construction, the study includes a comparative analysis between the updated values of the SINAPI tables, considering several essential inputs for a project. As a practical example, we chose to analyze the inputs used in the construction of a Federal Institution of Higher Education (IFES), located in the city of Itaituba, in the state of Pará, but it is worth highlighting that only those identical to the SINAPI table were compared, distancing of failures in the results. Thus, each region was represented by a state, which was chosen at random, except for the state of Pará, as it was the place where the research was written. Thus, the core of the research lies in investigating and comparing the prices of construction inputs, covering materials, equipment and labor, in the North Region as opposed to other regions of the country, in order to contribute to decision-making in the project and construction management. The intention to highlight how such disparities impact the total costs of projects stands out, even when the inputs are the same. These divergences were found at the end of the study, thus highlighting the reality in which resources are sometimes allocated for the construction of projects with the same value in different regions, which can result in a lack of adaptation to the local reality.